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501 Great Games - Volume One (2001)(Guildhall Leisure Services).iso
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EASIQS_5
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SAMPLE01.SDY
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"EASI QS v5"
"Sets/Logic Chpt 2 (Logic)"
"Arial"
"MS Sans Serif"
9.75
"
Define a proposition "
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"
statements of mathematical content
whose truth value is unambiguous.
( We may not KNOW the value , but it is definitely T or F )"
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" The ''logical connectives'' are: "
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" not ~ strongest connective
and ^ { mid-
or v strongest }
if...,then --> weakest connective
( also: xor and material equivalence <--> )"
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"
Stuffier names for the logical connectives are: "
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"
not negation
and conjunction
or disjunction
--> material implication, conditional of p & q "
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"
Describe 'material equivalence'"
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"
defined in terms of other connectives:
p <--> q means (p --> q) ^ (q --> p)
two PROPOSITIONS are material equivalent iff ( if and only if )
they have the same TRUTH VALUE "
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"
Define an 'atom' "
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"
a propositional variable which may be T or F
also called an 'atomic proposition "
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"
Define a 'propositional formula' "
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"
the joining of propositional variables by logical connectives "
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"
The rules for 'propositional formulas' are: "
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"1. T and F are prop formulas
2. each atom is a prop formula
3. For all atoms a and b, the following are prop-forms
~a
a v b
a ^ b
a-->b
4. if a form has n different atoms,
its Ttable has 2 to the n rows"
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"
Define 'logical equivalence'"
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"
f1 <==> f2 iff f1 ==> f2 and f2 ==> f1
if f1 <==> f2 - THEY HAVE THE SAME Ttable [ T(f1) = T(f2) ]
As in sets, for all prop-forms a, b, c :
- a <==> a
- if a <==> b, then b <==> a
- if a <==> b, and b <==> c, then a <==> c "
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"
What is the difference between
'logical equivalence' and 'material equivalence' ? "
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"
logical equiv. is a relation between propositional forms.
if f <==> g, it means f and g have the same Ttable
^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^
material equiv. is a relation between propositions
if f <--> g, it means they have the same Tvalue
^^^^^^ ^^^^^^"
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"Define a 'tautology' "
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"a prop-form that is True on every line of its Ttable
Notes: f1 ==> f2 iff (f1) --> (f2) is a tautology
f1 <=> f2 iff (f1) <-> (f2) is a tautology
some examples: T
(a v ~a)
(a v b) v ((~a) ^ (~b))
(a -> b) <-> ((~a) v b) "
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"Define a 'contradiction' "
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"
a prop-form that is False on every line of its Ttable.
sometimes defined as the negation of a tautology "